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Anubis was the local deity of Abydos and was also worshiped at Lycopolis, Abt, and other cities. The worship of Anubis was very ancient, probably even older than the worship of Osiris. Wepwawet was probably an early funerary god whose function was similar to that of Anubis sometimes Wepwawet is considered another form of Anubis. In ancient Egypt semidomesticated dogs were known to prowl in cemeteries at night and may have also been purposely used as guards for tombs.Īnubis was assisted in his tasks on behalf of the dead soul by another dog- or jackal-headed god, Wepwawet (also spelled Upuat or Upuaut, meaning “opener of the ways”), who was also depicted as a helper and guide for the dead. As a guide through the underworld, the dog would have excellent homing instincts and could faithfully guide the soul through its perils. The jackal is a nocturnal animal, feeding on carrion, and perhaps at an early date was deified as a means of beseeching it not to devour the bodies of the dead.

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If, on the other hand, the scale showed that the deceased was free of sin, the soul could go on to eternal life.Ī number of reasons have been suggested why a jackal or dog would come to play an important role in death and embalming. If, according to the Great Balance, the person was not pure and honest and free of sin, Anubis would take the heart from the scale and throw it to the beast Ammit, who would devour it, destroying the person forever. Another duty of Anubis was carried out during the weighing of the dead person’s heart it was Anubis’s role to carefully observe the procedure to make sure that it was properly done.

Sometimes he is depicted with one side of his face white or golden and the other black to symbolize his position in both the celestial and the underworld realms.Īs the god of embalming, Anubis’s guiding spirit was present during the mummification of the corpse so that it would be a proper receptacle for the reincarnated spirit. When they found all the pieces of Osiris’s body, it was Anubis who invented the art of embalming and mummification so that his father could live again and reign in the world of the dead.Īnubis is often depicted as a man with the head of a jackal or a dog but is sometimes shown as having the body of a jackal or dog as well. When Seth murdered and dismembered his brother, Osiris, the sisters, Isis and Nephthys, now reconciled, searched for his body, and Anubis helped and comforted them. When Anubis grew up, he guarded his foster mother faithfully, and he accompanied Isis and Osiris whenever they journeyed through the world. Isis found Anubis with the aid of some dogs, and she raised him.

She conceived Anubis, but when he was born she abandoned him in the wilderness.

Occasionally Anubis is considered the son of Seth, but in the more prevalent myth, Nephthys left Seth and seduced her sister’s husband, Osiris. Nephthys was married to her brother Seth, and Isis was married to her brother Osiris. Nephthys, Isis, Seth, and Osiris were all the children of the sky goddess Nut and the earth god Geb. Considered benevolent and good, Anubis was present in the underworld (Duat) at the weighing of the dead person’s soul and was also at home in the heavenly sky realms of Re.Īnubis’s mother was the goddess Nephthys. In ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, Anubis (also called Anpu or Anup) was the jackal-headed god of embalming who guided the souls of the dead through the underworld kingdom of his father, Osiris.